Childhood and adolescence

Play chess at the age of five, Harry had taught my father – Kim Moiseevich Weinstein, electrical engineer by profession. Grandfather Harry – Moses Rubinovich Weinstein (1906-1963) – Baku, was a famous composer and conductor, musical director of several drama theaters of the city. Whole family with the father’s side was the music: the younger brother of his father, Leonid Moiseevich Weinstein – also a composer [3], Honored Artist of Azerbaijan, grandmother – a music teacher in high school.

Regular exercise Garry began in Baku Palace of Pioneers in seven years. In the same age he lost his father, who died of leukemia. In 1976, when Harry was 12 years old, his mother – an Armenian Clara Shagenovna Kasparian, an engineer, a specialist on automatics and robot – changed his name [2] with his father’s Weinstein on Kasparov – his name in the Russified version by replacing the ending of the Armenian-Russian yang s. This was done with the consent of relatives to facilitate future chess career of the young, but submitting the serious hopes chess [4]. Clara Shagenovna after the death of her husband devoted himself entirely to chess career of his son.

With ten years Kasparov chess school involved in ex-world champion Mikhail Botvinnik. In fifteen years, Kasparov became assistant Botvinnik.

In 1975 in Leningrad at the tournament Youth Palace in simultaneous games against world chess champion Anatoly Karpov has an equal position, but made a mistake and lost [5]. In the same tournament in the session against Viktor Korchnoi has forced GM to a draw.

In 1976, thirteen Garry Kasparov won the USSR championship in chess among young men.

In 1978 he won the chess Sokolsky Memorial in Minsk and received a master of sports of chess.

In 1980, Kasparov became the youngest grandmaster in the world at that time, approaching the record Bobby Fischer won the title in Dortmund chess champion among the boys, and graduated from high school with a gold medal.

In 1981, eighteen Kasparov became the champion of the USSR Chess Championship, becoming the youngest champion of the USSR Chess Championship in the history of the country.

He graduated from the Azerbaijan Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages (1986) [3] [5].
[edit] Personal life

Kasparov has been married three times:

* In 1989 – a graduate of Philology of Moscow State University Mary Arapova. Daughter of Pauline, the marriage lasted 5 years.
* In 1996 – by Julia Vovk. At the end of the year they had a son Vadim.
* In 2005 he married Daria Tarasova from St. Petersburg [6].

From living together with Marina Neyolova in 1987, a daughter of Nick [7] [8].
[edit] The fight for the title of world chess champion

The first match for the title of world chess champion Garry Kasparov has played against the world champion Anatoly Karpov of the time. This match was permanent: the world champion became the first one to win six games. This regulation was introduced at the request of Karpov, Kasparov, despite objections, a categorical opponent of indefinite matches. The match was a record for the duration: from September 10, 1984 to February 15, 1985. Karpov led into account 5:0, but got tired and started to play the party. After 48 parties, when the score was 5:3 in favor of Karpov match was interrupted. This unprecedented decision despite fierce objections Kasparov took the then President of FIDE Florencio Campomanes. The official reason for ending the match was called concern for the health of players. Since then, the system was abolished and replaced by perpetual matches the match of 24 games. When run 12:12 champion retains his title.
Match for the title of world champion (1985)

The second match for the title of world chess champion between Anatoly Karpov and Garry Kasparov was held from September 1 to November 10, 1985 in Moscow. Kasparov won with a score of 13:11 and was the thirteenth world chess champion. Garry Kasparov became the youngest world chess champion in history. Before him the youngest world champion was Mikhail Tal, who won the match at the World Chess Championship against Mikhail Botvinnik in 1960 at the age of 23 years.

Garry Kasparov defended his title of world chess champion in three successive matches against Anatoly Karpov in 1986 in London – Leningrad, 1987 in Seville and in 1990 in New York – Lyon. In Seville the match after the defeat in the penultimate party lost in the account, but managed to win the final, decisive game and brought the match a draw with a score of 12:12.
[edit] World Championship PCA

Disagreeing with the policy pursued by FIDE, in 1993, Kasparov left FIDE and organized the Professional Chess Association (PCA). FIDE stripped Kasparov title of world chess champion and removed it from its top-sheets.

Under the auspices of the PCA Garry Kasparov won the title of “Champion of the World Chess PCA” in the matches against Nigel Short in 1993 and in 1995 against Viswanathan Anand. In 2000, Kasparov lost a match to Vladimir Kramnik and lost the title of world champion in chess.
[edit] Man vs Computer
Play against the computer

Great interest matches against Garry Kasparov, chess programs. The first match against the chess computer Deep Blue, the company IBM, in February 1996, Kasparov won with a score of 4:2, but lost the first game. This was the first time in history, when the computer won the game with the world champion [9].

The second match in 1997 against an improved version of the computer “Deep Blue” defeated Kasparov with a score 2,5:3,5. For the first time in the history of the computer won the match with world champion [10].

After the match Kasparov asked to explain how the computer “thought of” to one of the moves. Explanations were not provided, and Kasparov accused IBM of cheating. According to Kasparov, at least in one case, computer assisted people. Because chess program, used by IBM, has remained secret and has not played in any other matches, the victory of a computer has been questioned.

* “Deep Blue» (Deep Blue) – supercomputer, consisting of 256 processors. The supercomputer was in a separate room, the board against Kasparov sat representative team IBM Feng-hsiung Hsu, who has spearheaded the project Deep Blue. All communication with the Deep Blue Feng-Hsiung Hsu carried out through a special monitor. In principle, between the monitor in the lobby, and a supercomputer could be and to influence the course of the party specially invited player. In the second installment of the match Kasparov sacrificed two pawns, Deep Blue thought for 15 minutes, although usually at the “thinking” of the spent 3 minutes, and dismissed the victim.

In 2003 Kasparov played two matches against the chess program Deep Junior »(Deep Junior) and” Deep Fritz »(Deep Fritz). Both matches ended in draws. Deep Junior and Deep Fritz are commercial programs. “Deep Fritz” worked on a computer with 4 processors, Intel Pentium 4 Xeon. A computer program is in the playing hall, human intervention was impossible, so no charges of fraud was not.
[edit] Strong chess

Kasparov is considered one of the strongest chess players of all time.

In 1989, Garry Kasparov, has exceeded the highest Elo rating (2780), which has long belonged to Robert Fischer. In that same 1989 first of all grandmasters surpassed 2,800 points in the Elo rating.

In 1999, Kasparov’s rating reached a record value – 2851, which as of January 2010 was surpassed and exceeded the rating of the current leader (Magnus Carlsen) 41 para [11].

Elo rating was officially recognized by FIDE in 1970. Despite the fact that this rating is subject to inflationary trends, it is generally accepted that in chess strength and knowledge of chess theory Kasparov surpasses all other GMs. [Source not specified 121 day]

In November 2004, Kasparov in the first and last time took part in the championship of Russia in chess and won it convincingly.

In 2007, a respected international consulting firm Synectics released a top 100 living geniuses in science, politics, art and entrepreneurship. Kasparov took it 25-th [12].